Economics 21

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  INFRASTRUCTURE CHARGES LEVIED IN AIR TRANSPORTION – CURRENT ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES

  The paper reviews the progress achieved so far in terms of applying the major principles of levying infrastructure charges in air transportation by analysing the charge rates in the country for access to airports and for air navigation services. It also comments on some problems arising in result of applying the current charge rates and suggests ... The paper reviews the progress achieved so far in terms of applying the major principles of levying infrastructure charges in air transportation by analysing the charge rates in the country for access to airports and for air navigation services. It also comments on some problems arising in result of applying the current charge rates and suggests possible solutions. The author of the paper conducts a SWOT analysis that summarises the opportunities for improving charge rates and the immediate benefits which could be obtained as a result of using those opportunities in applying infrastructure charges in air transportation.

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  PROTECTION AGAINST FRAUD IN ELECTRONIC TRADE PAYMENTS

  The past decades have seen continuous advancements of infor¬mation and communication technologies that have substantially altered economy on a local, national and global scale. The employment of these technologies creates and tranfers to economic entities significant economic and social effects, yet it poses serious challenges to the security of ... The past decades have seen continuous advancements of infor¬mation and communication technologies that have substantially altered economy on a local, national and global scale. The employment of these technologies creates and tranfers to economic entities significant economic and social effects, yet it poses serious challenges to the security of the digital environment. An increasingly complicated issue is that of unlawful activities with payment transactions in trade. This paper reviews the nature of crimes related to payments in the physical and the digital environment; the characteristics of different technological means of safeguarding online payments, as well as some opportunities for improving the safety of individuals when using the Internet to make commercial payments.

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  STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN GROSS VALUE ADDED AND THEIR RELATION TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BULGARIA IN THE PERIOD 1997-2017

  The changes in the sectoral composition of the economy reflect many processes and are an accurate indicator of the nature and rate of economic development of the state. What is more, sectoral structure is important for the analysis of economic development rate and the patterns and the increase in the productivity of all economic ... The changes in the sectoral composition of the economy reflect many processes and are an accurate indicator of the nature and rate of economic development of the state. What is more, sectoral structure is important for the analysis of economic development rate and the patterns and the increase in the productivity of all economic activities. Sectoral changes are important due to their role in the production pro-cess and the different labour productivity of different economic sectors and activities. Hence, the assessment and the use of the opportunities for accelerated development of the different sectors can contribute significantly to the economic growth and the increase of labour productivity.