"Scientific research" Almanac

More titles

• 

  ORGANIZATIONAL AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS OF THE BANK GUARANTEE AS A FORM OF SECURITY

  The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations. The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; ... The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations. The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; 2) Analyzing the financial/bank guarantee contracts as the basis of the relationship between the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts and the bank (credit institution)-guarantor; 3) Analyzing the collateral required as guarantee of loan repayment/ reimbursement by the bank-guarantor as a necessary condition for the conclusion of a financial/bank guarantee contracts; 4) Developing accounting models for financial/bank guarantee contracts in the practice of the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts. The main research thesis is that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool with increasingly wider utilization in the activity of the non-financial corporations, including its application as a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions and as a necessary condition required by the law. An important significance for accounting for financial/bank guarantee contracts in non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts is the type of collateral provided. The conclusions drawn in the study are that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool/a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions, it can serve for: 1) improving the accounting organization, 2) accounting models of financial/bank guarantee contracts according to the type of collateral provided and the accounting policy followed in order to ensure fair representation of information in the annual financial statements of the enterprise.

• 

  APPLICABLE ASPECTS OF ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF DYNAMIC RELATIONS

  The paper is focused on the application of the statistical methods for the analysis of dynamic relationships. The relationships among the economic phenomena are realized not only in the distributions of the population, (static aspect) but also in the changes that have occurred into it with the time (dynamic aspect). The thesis supported by the ... The paper is focused on the application of the statistical methods for the analysis of dynamic relationships. The relationships among the economic phenomena are realized not only in the distributions of the population, (static aspect) but also in the changes that have occurred into it with the time (dynamic aspect). The thesis supported by the authors is that statistical methods used for the analysis of dynamic relationships are both modern and powerful instruments for the researchers that allow to discover new characteristics of the interdependence among economic phenomenon but at the same time, their application is accompanied with many conditions that have to be known and taken into account. The goal of the paper is to systematize the statistical methods for analysis of relationships based on time series data, and to point out their abilities in the advancement and enhancement of the analysis of the economic phenomenon. In order to achieve this goal, we have solved the following tasks: a) to describe the cross-correlation analysis; b) to characterize the distributed lag models (aka transfer function models); c) to study the vector auto regression (VAR) models; d) to describe the cointegration as advanced statistical method for the analysis of non-stationary time series. The established results cover the advanced features of the dynamic relationship models: the interdependence between two (or more) time series; exploration of single relationships and distributed influence; the representation of multidimensional dynamic relationship; the survey of both long-term equilibrium relation and short-term interaction between the variables induced by the deviations from equilibrium state.

• 

  INFLUENCE OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN DETERMINING THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF TECHNICAL RESERVES FOR MOTOR THIRD PARTY LIABILITY INSURANCE

  The problems arising from the recent global financial and economic crisis have led to a rethinking of many texts both in local laws and at Community level. New rules and regulations have gradually been introduced concerning all economic agents operating within the European Union. The introduction of these regulations in the field of insurance is ... The problems arising from the recent global financial and economic crisis have led to a rethinking of many texts both in local laws and at Community level. New rules and regulations have gradually been introduced concerning all economic agents operating within the European Union. The introduction of these regulations in the field of insurance is associated with the adoption of Solvency II Directive. The implementation of the Directive in the Bulgarian legislation was realized with the adoption of a new Insurance Code, effective as of 1 January 2016 and Financial Supervision Commission’s Ordinance No 53 of 19 January 2017, which determines the order and method of allocation of technical reserves by the insurers working on the Bulgarian insurance market. The study assesses the impact of the regulatory framework on the technical reserves of insurance companies offering Motor Third Party Liability Insurance. It outlines the problems that insurers have to deal with and the effect that the methods, used for calculating the required amount of technical reserves, have on the insurance company’s balance sheet. The study has shown that there are differences in the methodologies described in the Solvency II Directive and Ordinance No 53 of Financial Supervision Commission. They concern the valuation of insurance companies’ assets and liabilities, the recognition of cash flows and the treatment of insurance income and expenses. Therefore, legislative changes are needed to synchronize the requirements of Bulgarian legislation with the European Directive Solvency II, with a view to optimizing the amount of technical reserves for Motor Third Party Liability Insurance.