"Scientific research" Almanac

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  ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – BEFORE AND AFTER THE DEBT CRISIS

  The object of this study is the degree of economic development of EU countries, and its subject is the two major economic indicators selected for comparison – size and growth rate of GDP and the consolidated government debt to GDP ratio. The purpose of the study is to reveal the disparities in the development of the EU countries concerned in the ... The object of this study is the degree of economic development of EU countries, and its subject is the two major economic indicators selected for comparison – size and growth rate of GDP and the consolidated government debt to GDP ratio. The purpose of the study is to reveal the disparities in the development of the EU countries concerned in the period before and after the crisis. The Tasks set in examining the GDP aim to answer the following questions: ‘What is the size of the GDP expected to be in the current 2014?’, ‘Which of the European countries concerned will have the best performance, relative to GDP in terms of the global economic crisis?’ The main thesis is: Failure to comply with the Maastricht decisions that affect the value of the gov-ernment debt in the European countries concerned does not allow for making effective management decisions and this increases the disparities in their economic development. Main conclusions: Lowering the debt burden in developed countries, where the threshold values of debt and deficit are seriously exceeded, can be achieved by balancing the government budget, improving the methods for risk assessment, expanding the investor base, increasing the liquidity in the market for government obligations and achieving a sustainable GDP growth. Striving to comply with the Maastricht Treaty will help to reduce disparities in the economic development of the European Union countries after the debt crisis.

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  INNOVATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

  The sustainable development of the European agricultural sector aims to continuously improve the quality of life and well-being of the present and future generations. It is intended to establish a relationship between economic development, environmental protection and social justice. The purpose of this paper is to study innovation in the economy ... The sustainable development of the European agricultural sector aims to continuously improve the quality of life and well-being of the present and future generations. It is intended to establish a relationship between economic development, environmental protection and social justice. The purpose of this paper is to study innovation in the economy as a whole and particularly in the agricultural sector in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. It focuses on the following tasks: studying the theory and practice to clarify the specifics and concepts regarding innovation in the economy (including in the agricultural sector); identifying the factors necessitating the introduction of innovation (including in the agricultural sector); covering the European policy in the field of innovation (including in the agricultural sector); proposals and conclusions on the introduction of innovation in the agricultural sector for achieving smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The object of the study is innovation in the economy and in particular innovation in the agricultural sector (subject of study). The research thesis stems from the need to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth by applying innovation in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. This makes it necessary to stimulate the development of competitive and sustainable agriculture and forestry, which ‘achieves more with less’ in harmony with the environment.

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  THE GLOBAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET AND RESERVE CURRENCIES – MACRO-FINANCIAL ASPECTS

  The object of research in this study is the foreign exchange market, and the subject – the factors influencing the exchange rates of the leading world reserve currencies. The analysis focuses on the thesis of the increasing role of reserve currencies for the expansion of the transactions on the foreign exchange markets while preserving their ... The object of research in this study is the foreign exchange market, and the subject – the factors influencing the exchange rates of the leading world reserve currencies. The analysis focuses on the thesis of the increasing role of reserve currencies for the expansion of the transactions on the foreign exchange markets while preserving their ability to rebalance budgetary imbalances in trade flows through the mechanism of floating exchange rates. The aim of this study is to present the up-to-date perspective on evaluation of the factors influencing the exchange rates of the global reserve currencies that are also the basis of the predominant volume of transactions on the global currency markets.