-
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS BRANCH NETWORK ‒ A CRITICAL EVALUATION
OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
This study focuses on commercial banking and the development of branch networks as an essential part of the banking system. At the centre of the analysis is the relationship between the expansion of the branch networks of commercial banks and the influence of the following four factors: the dynamics of the economic development cycle at global, ...
This study focuses on commercial banking and the development of branch networks as an essential part of the banking system. At the centre of the analysis is the relationship between the expansion of the branch networks of commercial banks and the influence of the following four factors: the dynamics of the economic development cycle at global, national and regional levels; the processes of consolidation in the banking system; the evolution of information technology and electronic banking and regulatory policy and restrictive measures including insolvency procedures that the central bank establishes in its supervisory capacity for the banking sector. The aim of this study is to offer a critical evaluation of the factors influencing the decision-making concerning the dynamics in the branch network of commercial banks, both at a sector level and in the context of the individual banks. The paper comprises four main parts: Firstly, a critical review of the regulatory system and contemporary scientific studies in the area of bank administration and branch network management, including the structure of decision-making factors in relation to expanding, maintaining or reducing the network of bank branches; Secondly, historical and empirical-applied analysis of the dynamics in the licensed banking institutions and their positioning on the competitive banking market in Bulgaria; and thirdly, analysis of the financial indicators for the banking system and the related trends in the development of the branch network of the commercial banks in Bulgaria and their staffing. As a result of the study, it has been confirmed by the empirical data for the Bulgarian banking market that after 1989 the dynamics in the branch network was originally due to the dynamics in the creation and merger of banking institutions. During the period of EU membership, this process has been based mainly on the key factors developed with the priority of the regional demand and supply of banking services. About the two leading banking institutions, in terms of bank staff numbers, number of branches and personnel per branch for the two leading Bulgarian banks, the analysis has shown the following results: 3049 people, employed in 173 branches with a 17.6 average number of employees per bank branch for Unicredit Bulbank (data relating central management as well) and respectively, in the system of DSK Bank - 4115 people with an
-
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS OF THE BANK GUARANTEE AS A FORM
OF SECURITY
The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations.
The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; ...
The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations.
The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; 2) Analyzing the financial/bank guarantee contracts as the basis of the relationship between the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts and the bank (credit institution)-guarantor; 3) Analyzing the collateral required as guarantee of loan repayment/ reimbursement by the bank-guarantor as a necessary condition for the conclusion of a financial/bank guarantee contracts; 4) Developing accounting models for financial/bank guarantee contracts in the practice of the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts.
The main research thesis is that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool with increasingly wider utilization in the activity of the non-financial corporations, including its application as a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions and as a necessary condition required by the law. An important significance for accounting for financial/bank guarantee contracts in non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts is the type of collateral provided.
The conclusions drawn in the study are that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool/a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions, it can serve for: 1) improving the accounting organization, 2) accounting models of financial/bank guarantee contracts according to the type of collateral provided and the accounting policy followed in order to ensure fair representation of information in the annual financial statements of the enterprise.
-
APPLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES
AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE POSITION
OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN BULGARIA
Goods origin should be regarded as a complex economic category, which, from a customs perspective, predetermines the existence of specific control guidelines. The variety of free trade agreements between the EU and third countries introduces a number of requirements, the compliance of which must be verified by the customs authorities. This ...
Goods origin should be regarded as a complex economic category, which, from a customs perspective, predetermines the existence of specific control guidelines. The variety of free trade agreements between the EU and third countries introduces a number of requirements, the compliance of which must be verified by the customs authorities. This necessitates the availability of clear technological provisions regarding the issue of proofs of origin by the Union and the verification of such proofs provided by beneficiary countries.
The study aims to assess the feasibility of the free trade agreements between the EU and third countries in our country and thus define and justify the specific characteristics of the customs procedures with regard to the origin of imported goods. This aim has been achieved through:
First. Assessment of the free trade agreements between the EU and third countries in terms of their importance;
Second. Assessment of the relevance of the European free trade agreements for the Republic of Bulgaria;
Third. Discussing the specific characteristics of the main customs procedures for control of the origin of the goods.
The main research thesis is that the provisions of free trade agreements and the related origin of imported goods are the main subject of customs control and, as being such, they have a significant impact on the foreign trade relations of our country.
As a result of the study, the importance of EU free trade agreements with third countries has been justified by the position of the customs control carried out in the Republic of Bulgaria. The foreign trade relations of our country have been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn as to the extent to which the Bulgarian business benefits from the possible customs preferences based on the origin of the goods.
