"Scientific research" Almanac

More titles

• 

  ORGANIZATIONAL AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS OF THE BANK GUARANTEE AS A FORM OF SECURITY

  The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations. The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; ... The aim of this article is to analyze the essence of the bank guarantee, to reveal and indicate the possibilities for its utilization in the activities of the non-financial corporations. The tasks that have been performed in order to achieve the aim are as follows: 1) Inquiring about prices of the bank guarantees as a specific financial service; 2) Analyzing the financial/bank guarantee contracts as the basis of the relationship between the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts and the bank (credit institution)-guarantor; 3) Analyzing the collateral required as guarantee of loan repayment/ reimbursement by the bank-guarantor as a necessary condition for the conclusion of a financial/bank guarantee contracts; 4) Developing accounting models for financial/bank guarantee contracts in the practice of the non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts. The main research thesis is that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool with increasingly wider utilization in the activity of the non-financial corporations, including its application as a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions and as a necessary condition required by the law. An important significance for accounting for financial/bank guarantee contracts in non-financial corporations-clients under bank guarantee contracts is the type of collateral provided. The conclusions drawn in the study are that the bank guarantee is a reliable business tool/a securing instrument for the settlement of accounts receivable and obligations arising from commercial transactions, it can serve for: 1) improving the accounting organization, 2) accounting models of financial/bank guarantee contracts according to the type of collateral provided and the accounting policy followed in order to ensure fair representation of information in the annual financial statements of the enterprise.

• 

  POSSIBILITIES FOR APPLICATION OF PENSION INSURANCE ORGANISATION OF TEACHERS IN BULGARIA

  An attempt has been made to justify the thesis that the organisational development and improvement of the applied differentiated approach has a significant capacity to turn the pension insurance into a socio-economic corrective of the market evaluation of teachers’ labour by providing pensions in the amount appropriate to the contribution and ... An attempt has been made to justify the thesis that the organisational development and improvement of the applied differentiated approach has a significant capacity to turn the pension insurance into a socio-economic corrective of the market evaluation of teachers’ labour by providing pensions in the amount appropriate to the contribution and significance of the teaching profession for the formation of human capital and socio-economic development and prosperity in Bulgarian society. The study of the opportunities for organisational development and improvement of the teachers’ public pension insurance is the main objective of the survey. The following specific tasks are set: study of principles and guidelines for differentiation of insurance activity; justification of the need for continuing development and improvement of the applied differentiated approach in the organisation of the pension insurance of teachers in Bulgaria; study of the specifics and evaluation of public pension insurance protection of teachers in Bulgaria; formulating proposals for development and improvement of public insurance of teachers in Bulgaria. The results of the survey show the need to develop and improve the pension insurance of teachers. Proposals to transform payments from the Teachers’ Pension Fund into a function of pension insurance contributions have been formulated. Organisational changes that bind the amount of pension for insured length of service and old age of teachers with their contribution to community development have been proposed.

• 

  RELATIONS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT DEBT AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY, A PARALLEL ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES IN BULGARIA AND GREECE

  The present study aims at a parallel analysis of investment, and in particular stock exchange activity and government debt, as well as finding a dependency between the dynamics of these processes and highlighting those stock indicators, for which the relationship with the debt dynamics is of greater significance. The study is based on the thesis ... The present study aims at a parallel analysis of investment, and in particular stock exchange activity and government debt, as well as finding a dependency between the dynamics of these processes and highlighting those stock indicators, for which the relationship with the debt dynamics is of greater significance. The study is based on the thesis of presence of a strong influence with inverse dependence of the debt burden on the investment activity. We also maintain the hypothesis that the sensitivity of capital markets to the dynamics of government debt is stronger than that of the real-sector investments, driven by the nature of indirect investments and the rapid transfer of capital through liquid stock markets. As a theoretical basis of the survey we have set up a systemic methodology for government debt management and highlighted dependencies on key macroeconomic factors. The methodology of the survey includes a selection of the main measures for the structure and burden of government debt and specific indicators, and indicators for analyzing the investment activity. In order to investigate the dependencies between the two processes, we apply specific comparisons between debt and investment indicators, as well as correlation analysis. We analyze in parallel the debt dynamics and the investment activity in the real sector and the stock exchanges in Bulgaria and Greece for the period 2007- 2017. The results show that the activity of both stock exchanges have had a pronounced negative trend since the beginning of the global recession, which has been going on for ten years now. We have established a strong reverse relationship between the Athens Stock Exchange activity indicators and the Greek debt in its structural components. As far as Bulgarian capital market is concerned, these dependencies are less expressed. We have found arguments for a critical negative impact of the debt burden on investment activity in the real sector, expressed by the correlation between debt dynamics and direct investments in the national economy and foreign direct investments. Our hypothesis for a stronger impact of the debt burden on stock exchange transactions than on real sector investments has been confirmed.