"Scientific research" Almanac

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  SIGNAL PARAMETERS OF SHADOW ECONOMY IN BULGARIA

  The global financial and economic crisis at the beginning of this century resulted in certain cataclysms with destructive effects on the government's financial policy. In-creasing government budget deficits, strikingly inadequate social status and deteriora-tion of the basic macroeconomic indicators measuring the „pulse” of the national and world ... The global financial and economic crisis at the beginning of this century resulted in certain cataclysms with destructive effects on the government's financial policy. In-creasing government budget deficits, strikingly inadequate social status and deteriora-tion of the basic macroeconomic indicators measuring the „pulse” of the national and world economy once again brought forward the issue of the scale of shadow economy. The presence of shadow economy is an indicator for the lack of trust in govern-ment's financial policy and the inefficiency of the national economic policy. At the same time shadow economy practices affect negatively the economic growth, efficiency of labour, competitiveness and the economic and financial policy of the state. In this context, the main goal of the study is to analyze the extent of the shadow economy and the issues related thereto as well as to examine its actual manifestations in Bulgaria and propose measures to mitigate it.

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  OFFSHORE ZONES – PLACES FOR IMPLEMENTING CRIMINAL INITIATIVES OR ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED INVESTMENTS

  An intensive dispute about the role of the offshore zones in modern global economy is taking place among researchers, politicians and financial specialists. What are the reasons for investors to transfer their savings to such offshore zones – are they motivated by economic reasons or are they just realizing their criminal intentions using the ... An intensive dispute about the role of the offshore zones in modern global economy is taking place among researchers, politicians and financial specialists. What are the reasons for investors to transfer their savings to such offshore zones – are they motivated by economic reasons or are they just realizing their criminal intentions using the offshore status? According to Zhixiang Sun investors will transfer their savings to offshore zones until the ratio between return in the home country towards return in the offshore zone is higher than the ratio between unity minus the tax rate in the home country and unity minus the tax rate in the offshore zone. In our research we calculate these ratios for a US investor towards a possible transfer to 9 Caribbean offshore zones. For all cases we find that there are strong economic reasons for investors to transfer their savings to offshore zones. The same conclusions refer to Bulgarian investors, too. It is only for Panama that we did not find economic reasons.

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  REAL OPTIONS – THE NEW PARADIGM IN INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING

  Financial theory has long tried to impose discounted cash flows techniques as a revolutionary approach in evaluating investment alternatives, offering a more accurate and complete idea of the potential in creating a value replacing the „Payback period” that has long been used in capital budgeting. Discounting of cash flows had been the main and ... Financial theory has long tried to impose discounted cash flows techniques as a revolutionary approach in evaluating investment alternatives, offering a more accurate and complete idea of the potential in creating a value replacing the „Payback period” that has long been used in capital budgeting. Discounting of cash flows had been the main and indisputable paradigm in making investment decisions prior to the emergence of a real options analysis (ROA) - an application of the theory of financial options in capital budgeting. Real options enhance valuation by embedding flexibility in capital budgeting procedures – the ability of firms to react adequately to favorable or adverse changes in the economic environment, competition or markets. Real options analysis is the perfect approach in evaluating long-term investments and it will not be long before it replaces completely the traditional tools in capital budgeting.