"Scientific research" Almanac

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  MANAGING THE STATE DEBT OF BULGARIA – ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

  Satisfying the public interest in terms of public goods and services has its lim¬its – the resource limitedness in the provision of public goods and services. Since the needs of society and individuals always exceed the available economic resources for their implementation, this necessitates the use of debt and deficit financing tools. This is ... Satisfying the public interest in terms of public goods and services has its lim¬its – the resource limitedness in the provision of public goods and services. Since the needs of society and individuals always exceed the available economic resources for their implementation, this necessitates the use of debt and deficit financing tools. This is particularly true for the state as an economic entity. Moreover, debt financing could be used for the formation and implementation of policies going far beyond the purely economic objectives of any government. Economic theory has already proved that the public debt, its quantity and management processes have an impact on the economic development of the country, consumption, savings and investments. Extending the debt crisis and the cataclysms in financial markets demonstrate the illusory idea of the adequacy of national economies in the management of public debt in the long term. It is objectively necessary to apply established measures as well as to approve new ones. The systematic approach for determining the multifaceted nature of public debt management has an important role in the area of analysis.

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  OFFSHORE ZONES – PLACES FOR IMPLEMENTING CRIMINAL INITIATIVES OR ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED INVESTMENTS

  An intensive dispute about the role of the offshore zones in modern global economy is taking place among researchers, politicians and financial specialists. What are the reasons for investors to transfer their savings to such offshore zones – are they motivated by economic reasons or are they just realizing their criminal intentions using the ... An intensive dispute about the role of the offshore zones in modern global economy is taking place among researchers, politicians and financial specialists. What are the reasons for investors to transfer their savings to such offshore zones – are they motivated by economic reasons or are they just realizing their criminal intentions using the offshore status? According to Zhixiang Sun investors will transfer their savings to offshore zones until the ratio between return in the home country towards return in the offshore zone is higher than the ratio between unity minus the tax rate in the home country and unity minus the tax rate in the offshore zone. In our research we calculate these ratios for a US investor towards a possible transfer to 9 Caribbean offshore zones. For all cases we find that there are strong economic reasons for investors to transfer their savings to offshore zones. The same conclusions refer to Bulgarian investors, too. It is only for Panama that we did not find economic reasons.

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  NEOCLASSICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SYNTHESIS OF HOUSEHOLDS

  The paper presents a study on households as subjects of economic relations in terms of the institutional and neoclassical synthesis. Households are considered a pri-mary component of the economic system, as well as objectively necessary and relatively autonomous economic entities. The neoclassical synthesis deals with two main charac¬teristics of ... The paper presents a study on households as subjects of economic relations in terms of the institutional and neoclassical synthesis. Households are considered a pri-mary component of the economic system, as well as objectively necessary and relatively autonomous economic entities. The neoclassical synthesis deals with two main charac¬teristics of both individuals and households – their rationalism and sovereignty – as key factors of their behaviour in a market economy. In response to the shortcomings of the neoclassical theory, the institutional approach focuses on the norms, rules and stereo¬types that govern human behaviour in real life. The analysis of households as functional socio-economic entities requires a combination of the concepts of neoclassical and in¬stitutional approaches.